Solved
Sample Question Paper - 2
Physical
Education
Class
XII
Time
Allowed: 3 hours Max. Mark: 70
General
Instructions:
·
All
questions are compulsory.
·
Questions
1 to 11 carry 1 mark each. Answer in about 30 words.
·
Questions
12 to 19 carry 3 marks each. Answer in about 100 words.
·
Questions
20 to 26 carry 5 marks each. Answer in about 200 words.
Q1. What
is strength? 1
Ans. Strength is the ability of
body to overcome the resistance.
Q2. Prevention
is better than cure? Justify 1
Ans. It is truly said that prevention
is better than cure. If we take care in advance, follow all the rules and wear
all the safety equipments of the game, we can avoid mishappenings in our life.
Q3. List
down the qualities of a leader. 1
Ans. Good Speaker, Abstract
Thinker.
Q4. What
do you mean by balanced diet? 1
Ans. A diet which contains all
the essential food constituents such as protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins,
minerals and water in correct proportion is called balanced diet.
Q5. Define
intramurals. 1
Ans. The activities which are
conducted within the boundary wall of an institution.
Q6. What
do you mean by round shoulders? 1
Ans. It is an increase of
backward or posterior curve or a decrease or reversal of forward curve.
Q7. What
is biomechanics? 1
Ans. Biomechanics is a branch of
physics which deals with the human motion.
Q8. What
do you mean by self-esteem and body image? 1
Ans. Body image is both the
mental picture that you have of your body, and how you perceive yourself when
you look at a mirror.
Self-esteem is how you value and respect
yourself as a person - it is the “real” opinion that you have of yourself.
Self-esteem impacts how you take care of yourself, emotionally, physically and
spiritually. Body image and self-esteem also directly influence one another. If
you hate your body, it’s not easy to feel good about yourself.
Q9. What
is anxiety? 1
Ans. Anxiety is a disturbed state
of the body or an unrealistic and unpleasant state of body and mind. It is
accompanied by nervousness, restlessness, increased heart rate, sweating,
drying of the mouth, and apprehension of danger, fear and rapid shallow breathing.
Q10. List
any four training methods.
Ans. Some useful training methods
are:
(a) Circuit training
(b) Interval training
(c) Continuous training
(d) Fartlek training
(e) Weight training
Q11. Define
speed. 1
Ans. Speed means to do motor
actions under given condition in a minimum possible time.
Q12. Why
are different type of shoes used for different playing surfaces? 3
Ans. Now a days sports are become
more technical and scientific. As we know that every sports has his own rules
and regulation and every game is played on different surfaces e.g. cricket on
turf and grass, Volleyball on wooden, Badminton on synthetic court for that we
require different types of shoes to maintain the friction level and balance of
body. Shoes according to the playing surfaces also helps to avoid injuries of
knee and ankle.
Q13. Discuss
the effect of ageing on the size and strength of muscles. 3
Ans. When an individual gets
older, there is a decline in muscle size. There is a decrease in muscle mass
and increase in overall body fat. Due to decrease in muscle size, the strength
of the muscles also decreases. The decrease in strength gradually occurs during
the age of 35 to 45 years. However, even at the age of 60 the decrease in
strength does not appear to exceed 20% of an individual’s maximum strength.
Q14. What
is the impact of surface on the athlete/players? 3
Ans. The surfaces on which
athletes run or play a large role in determining how well they perform and how
likely they are to get injured. To understand why this is so, it’s important to
realise that running is essentially a series of collisions between your body
and the ground. There are different kinds of surfaces on which we play sports,
e.g. natural grass, wooden flooring, synthetic surface for sport and
recreational usage. One of the important aspects of sport surfaces is to
improve athletic performance it has been suffered that the main feature of a
sport surface that can affect the athletic performance is to store and return
energy have argued that if some of the energy that an athlete requires far each
step. Slide jump, landing etc. can be reused, through energy returns from the
surface. In other words, one can achieve a given physical activity by using
less energy and, there continue or activity during a longer period. The most
important characteristic of a sport surface which may be related to performance
is to give the maximum output by using less energy. Playing surfaces also play
an important role to avoid sports injuries as when the friction is optimum and
the hardness of the surface is according to the game the chances to get injured
is much less. Playing surface also increase the life of ankles and knees by
providing proper shock absorber between the body and surface of playing.
Q15. Explain
the meaning, causes, precautions and remedies of Lordosis. 3
Ans. Lordosis is the inward
curvature of spine. In fact, it is an increased forward curve in the lumber
region. It creates problem in standing and walking.
Causes
of lordosis:
Generally imbalanced diet, improper environment-improper development of
muscles, obesity and diseases affecting vertebrae and spinal muscles are such
causes which result in lordosis.
Precautions:
• Balanced
diet should be taken
• Obesity should be kept away especially in
early age.
• The body should be kept straight while
carrying weight.
Remedies: lordosis can be managed in
the following way:
• From standing position bend forward from hip
level. Repeat this exercise ten times.
• Lie down your back; raise your head and legs
simultaneously for 10 times.
• Perform sit-ups regularly
• Halasana should be performed regularly
Q16. How
does Regular Exercise help in reducing cholesterol level?
Ans. Regular exercise reduces the
cholesterol level in our blood. The level of cholesterol in blood has a direct
link with the blood pressure. So, light exercises are given to a patient of
blood pressure, which decreases his cholesterol level in blood. In fact,
exercises have a two-way effect on cholesterol. Firstly, exercises decrease the
level of LDL (Low Density Lipo-protein) and increases the level of HDL (High
Density Lipo-protein). It means that exercise decreases LDL (Bad cholesterol)
and increases HDL (good cholesterol).
Q17. Discuss
about the women ideology in India. 3
Ans. It has been observed
constantly that instead of overall development of students, parents are after
the merit and percentage of their child. Now it is necessary to inculcate the feeling
that the sport is also a part of education and plays vital role in life of
individual. Even in girl students, the attraction towards the games and sports
would be decreased due to this academic competitive environment. If one wants
to be a good sports person then he/she needs to practice constantly 3— 4 hours
daily for 4-5 years.
For the girl students, it is necessary to come
forward and increase their participation in sports and games. To increase the
participation through the academic encouragement, the incentive marks can be given
in their mark statement. If sports marks are allotted according to the level of
participation then participation can be increased and in future it can be a
good scenario in sports.
Q18. Regular
exercise improves the blood flow in the body. Comment 3
Ans. Regular exercise makes these
systems more efficient by enlarging the heart muscle, enabling more blood to be
pumped with each stroke, and increasing the number of small arteries in trained
skeletal muscles, which supply more blood to working muscles. Exercise improves
the respiratory system by increasing the amount of oxygen that is inhaled and
distributed to body tissue.
Q19. Discuss
the role of diet on the performance of a sportsperson. 5
Ans. Any diet which has all the
constituents of food, necessary for the maintenance and growth of body in
sufficient amount is essential for all the individuals whether they perform
simple work or engage in highly competitive sports. To know the role of particular
diet, it would be better to know the role of essential nutrients on
performance. These essential nutrients are described below:
1.
Carbohydrate:
Carbohydrate is also a major fuel for muscular contraction. Research studies
suggest that carbohydrate is helpful in increasing the endurance of sports
persons. Carbohydrate should not be given to athletes in excessive amount. It
may be risky for them. Low level of carbohydrate usually results in exhaustion.
2.
Protein:
Protein is necessary for the growth and development of various tissues of the
body. Now it has been recognized that some amount of protein is conserved as
fuel for muscular work. If fat and carbohydrate are available, they are
selected preferentially over protein as the source of energy.
3. Minerals: It is well known about
minerals that their deficiency can decrease the performance specially during
the exercise in hot climate. Sweating reduces the amount of sodium and chloride
in the body. Excess amount of salt intake can lead to potassium loss and
increased water retention. This condition can be harmful for the persons with
hypertension. Still, there is no clear cut indication of research studies that
the excess amount of intake of minerals improves the performance.
4.
Water:
Water is essential for life. The deficiency of water in body has shown
decreased performance.
Q20. What do
you mean by specific sports programmes? Explain about health run and run for
unity in detail. 5
Ans. Specific sports programmes are such
programmes of sports which are not usually related to competitions. These
sports programmes have various objectives such as creating awareness among
people regarding unity, health and diseases like AIDS, swine flu etc. and
raising funds for charitable institutions or organizations.
Health Run: Health runs are organized
by health department, sports department or social organizations. Usually their
purpose is to ameliorate the standard of health in country along with raising
funds for charity. Health run is such a great physical activity as offers a
significant health benefits. Health run does not require any specific
preparation. For health runs, the requirement is only a pair of shoes and light
clothes. There is no competition in it but registration of participant is
performed in advance. The date and time is also fixed well in advance. There is
no age limit in health runs and the distance course of running is also fixed
up.
Run for unity: Such a run is organized
with a specific purpose i.e. to show unity and peace among the people of
different religions. Its purpose may be national and international integration
and brotherhood. In some countries, run for unity is organized to celebrate
their independence. It may be in the form of relay race of long distance. Every
participant runs some distance. The cash prize is given to the first three
position holders. Such runs create harmony, peace and solidarity among people
of different religions. It brings a sense of togetherness among people.
Q21. What
are the factors affecting the Motor Development of children? 5
Ans. The factors affecting motor
development of children are as follows:
(1) Nutrition:
Nutritious
food promotes good motor development. Sensory motor development is dependent
upon nutrition that the child gets to a great extent. Children get stronger and
development is good if they get nutritious food.
(2) Immunization: If mother and child both are
immunized at a proper time, it leads to good sensory motor development.
(3) Environment: Encouragement, love and
security help the child to take risk to explore fearlessly and to know more
about environment which leads to a better sensory development.
(4) Opportunities: Children who get more opportunities to do
more activities, motor development is better in them. Opportunities to play to
gain knowledge give a better chance of developing sensory motor activities.
Q22. Why
now a days a psychologist is needed in competitive sports activities. 5
Ans. As the competition is
increasing day by day and the athlete has more mental stress and anxiety on
their mind. To overcome these situation a psychologist is needed in sports.
Psychologist makes the coaches aware of the fact that individuals, though a
like in many respects, are different from one another in personality, make-up
and capacities, abilities and acquired traits. It also helps coaches and
athletes in goal setting and coping strategies, mental skills such as imagining,
concentrating, focusing etc. Team interaction and cohesion are all practical tasks
in which athletes, teachers, coaches and sport psychologist play a reciprocally
cooperative but decisive roles. Psychologists also play a vital role in
maintaining balance between the physical and mental dimensions of performance.
Q23. What
principles should be followed for goal setting? 5
Ans. The following principles
should be followed for goal setting:
(a) Make goals specific, measurable, and
observable.
(b) Clearly identify time constraints.
(c) Use moderately difficult goals; they are
superior to either easy or very difficult goals.
(d) Write goals down and regularly monitor
progress.
(e) Use a mix of process, performance, and
outcome goals.
(f) Use short range goals to achieve long range
goals.
(g) Set team as well as individual performance
goals.
(h) Set practice as well as competition goals,
(i) Make sure goals are internalized by the
athlete.
(j) Consider personality and individual
differences in goal setting.
Q24. Define
projectile and explain the factors which affect the projectile trajectory.
Ans. Projectile is an object
thrown into the space either horizontally or at acute angle under the action of
gravity is called a projectile. In the field of games and sport there are many
examples of projectiles such as putting the shot, throwing a hammer, discus and
javelin in athletics.
Three factors affecting projectile trajectory
or parabola are as follows:
1. Angle
of Projection: Any
object when projected at different angles covers different distances. When it
is projected or released at the angle of 30 degrees making a parabolic path. It
covers less distance when it is projected at the angle of 60 deg. And covers
more distance when projected at 45 degree angle.
2. Projection
height relevant to the landing surface: If the height of the projection and the
landing surface is equal then release the object at the angle of 45 degree. If
the level of the landing surface is more that the height of projection, increases
the angle of projection means above the 45 degree.
3. Spin: the spin also affects the
flight of an object. In fact the amount and direction of spin acting on a
projectile directly affects the distance covered or travelled by a projectile.
The main reason behind this fact is the air pressure acting on the ball.
Q25. What
do you mean by anxiety? Discuss the management of anxiety in detail.
Ans. The main aim of physical
education teachers, trainers, coaches and sports psychologists is to enhance an
individual’s performance at optimum level. To achieve this aim, they must
consider the effect of anxiety on performance. In fact, anxiety is a psychological
and physiological state of an individual. It can be managed in the following
way:
(a) Start thinking about the last
time you were performing at the top of your game. After that enlist energy
detail you might associate with your ‘winning feeling’. Then pick out the eight
most important aspects of this positive feeling and write them down. Think
those winning feelings. Naturally, it will help to create an optimum
competitive mindset.
(b) Stop negative thoughts such
as ‘I cannot do better’ or ‘it is impossible to beat him in the competition’.
Instead of these negative thoughts, think positive such as ‘I can do much
better’ or ‘I will be the winner’.
Q26. Write
an essay on participation of girls in sports. 5
Ans. In India Gender difference
is a major issue in sports. The women participation in sports has been a
cultural concern with a negative connotation. In general, it is considered
appropriate that women are born for feminine roles only and sport roles fall
out of this social orbit. Currently, sport for women represents a fast growing
changing element in Indian culture, and recent trends have sparked a need for
knowledge about the female sport participation, constraints of women
participation in sports in India due to parental, community, tradition,
religion, college and personal constraints and pressures Percentage ratio of
men and women is 52.48 and percentage ratio for the literacy among the men and
women is 70 and 48, respectively. Woman play vital role in development of
India. Hence she should get the representation in all area like education,
employment and sports. But even after the 62 years of the independence, women
are still deprived in this male dominant culture and her participation is very
negligible in sports.
The first Indian women to participate in the
Olympics were in 1952. In 1975, the Government of India instituted the National
Sports festival for women with a view to promote women’s sports.
Here is some new facts regarding women’s
non-participation in games and sports. The results may go a long way in
removing some of these prejudices, thus, some hidden talents of women will be
helpful to improve the level of participation and achievement at the national
and international level of Indian women.
1. No
parental encouragement: There has been lack of encouragement from the parents and
family members.
2. Traditional
society: The
traditional way of living was a big hurdle for women taking part in games and
sports.
3. Less
knowledge:
There was lack of sports orientation of the people living in the society.
Taking part in games and sports for women has not been become a common
phenomenon.
4. Less
motivation and inspiration: There had not been a good leadership among physical
education personnel and a proper motivating system.
5. Women
constraining other women: It has been clearly found that government college women had
expressed more constraints compared to private college women.
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